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Facade Design Pattern

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In this video we will discuss
  • What is Facade Design Pattern?
  • Implementation Guidelines of Facade design pattern
  • And will take a look at simple example to implement this pattern

Facade Design Pattern : As per the GOF definition, Facade Pattern states that we need to “Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Facade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.” This pattern Falls under the category of Structural Design Pattern and is also known as Wrapper.


Implementation Guidelines : We need to use Facade Design Pattern when
  • We want to provide a simple interface to a complex subsystem. Subsystems often get more complex as they evolve. 
  • There are many dependencies between clients and the implementation classes of an abstraction. 
  • We want to layer the subsystems. Use a facade to define an entry point to each subsystem level. 
Representation Diagram

facade design pattern implementation c#

Facade  
  • Knows which subsystem classes are responsible for a request.
  • And it delegates client requests to appropriate subsystem objects.
Subsystem classes 
  • Implement their subsystem functionality to handle work assigned by the Facade object.
  • These subsystems have no knowledge of the facade; that is, they keep no references to it.
Facade design pattern implementation

Step 1 : Add Subsystem interfaces IAddress, ICart, ITax, IWallet and IAddress

using ShoppingCart.Implementation;
using ShoppingCart.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Interfaces
{
    public interface IAddress
    {
        Address GetAddressDetails(int userID);
    }
}

using ShoppingCart.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Interfaces
{
    public interface ICart
    {
        Product GetItemDetails(int itemID);
        bool CheckItemAvailability(Product product);
        bool LockItemInStock(int itemID, int quantity);
        int AddItemToCart(int itemID, int quantity);
        double GetCartPrice(int cartID);
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Interfaces
{
    public interface IOrder
    {
        int PlaceOrderDetails(int cartID, int shippingAddressID);
    }
}

using ShoppingCart.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Interfaces
{
    public interface ITax
    {
        double GetTaxByState(string state);
        void ApplyTax(int cartID, double taxPercent);
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Interfaces
{
    public interface IWallet
    {
        double GetUserBalance(int userID);
    }
}

Step 2 : Add the below models used in the subsystems

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Models
{
    public class Address
    {
        public int AddressID { get; set; }
        public string AddressDetails { get; set; }
        public string PinCode { get; set; }
        public string Phone { get; set; }
        public string Country { get; set; }
        public string State { get; set; }
        public string City { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Models
{
    public class Cart
    {
        public int CartID { get; set; }
        public int UserID { get; set; }
        public IEnumerable<CartItem> ShoppingCart { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Models
{
    public class CartItem
    {
        public int ProductID { get; set; }
        public int Quantity { get; set; }
        public double TaxPercentage { get; set; }
        public double Cost { get; set; }
        public double Price { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Models
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int ProductID { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public int Quantity { get; set; }
        public double Cost { get; set; }
        public int LockedQty { get; set; }
    }
}

Step 3 : Implement the Subsystem interfaces as shown below Address, Order, Tax, Wallet, ShoppingCartDetails and Address

using ShoppingCart.Interfaces;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Implementation
{
    public class AddressDetails : IAddress
    {
        public  Models.Address  GetAddressDetails(int userID)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Address : GetAddressDetails");
            return new Models.Address();
        }
        
    }
}

using ShoppingCart.Interfaces;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Implementation
{
    public class Order : IOrder
    {
        public int PlaceOrderDetails(int cartID, int shippingAddressID)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Order : PlaceOrderDetails");
            return 10;
        }
    }
}

using ShoppingCart.Interfaces;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using ShoppingCart.Models;

namespace ShoppingCart.Implementation
{
    public class ShoppingCartDetails : ICart
    {
        public ShoppingCartDetails()
        {
        }
        public int AddItemToCart(int itemID, int Quantity)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Cart : AddItemToCart");
            return 15;
        }
        public bool CheckItemAvailability(Product product)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Cart : CheckItemAvailability");
            return true;
        }

        public double GetCartPrice(int cartID)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Cart : GetCartPrice");
            return 15;
        }
        public Product GetItemDetails(int itemID)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Cart : GetItemDetails");
            return new Product();
        }
        public bool LockItemInStock(int itemID, int quantity)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Cart : LockItemInStock");
            return true;
        }
    }  
}

using ShoppingCart.Interfaces;
using ShoppingCart.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Implementation
{
    public class Tax : ITax
    {
        public void ApplyTax(int cartID, double taxPercent)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Tax : ApplyTax");
        }
        public double GetTaxByState(string state)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Tax : GetTaxByState");
            return 10;
        }
    }
}

using ShoppingCart.Interfaces;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingCart.Implementation
{
    public class Wallet : IWallet
    {
        public double GetUserBalance(int userID)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\t SubSystem Wallet : GetUserBalance");
            return 100;
        }
    }
}

Step 4 : Add Façade layer with interface and implementation as shown below

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingFacade
{
    public interface IUserOrder
    {
        int AddToCart(int itemId, int qty);
        int PlaceOrder(int cartID, int userID);
    }

}

using ShoppingCart.Implementation;
using ShoppingCart.Interfaces;
using ShoppingCart.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace ShoppingFacade
{
    public class UserOrder : IUserOrder
    {
        public int AddToCart(int itemId, int qty )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Start AddToCart");
            ICart userCart = new ShoppingCartDetails();
            int cartID = 0;
            //Step 1 : GetItem
            Product product = userCart.GetItemDetails(itemId);
            //Step 2 : Check Availability
            if (userCart.CheckItemAvailability(product))
            {
                //Step 3 : Lock Item in the Stock
                userCart.LockItemInStock(itemId, qty);
                //Step 4 : Add Item to the cart
                cartID = userCart.AddItemToCart(itemId, qty);
            }
            Console.WriteLine("End AddToCart");
            return cartID;
        }

        public int PlaceOrder(int cartID, int userID)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Start PlaceOrderDetails");
            int orderID = -1;
            IWallet wallet = new Wallet();
            ITax tax = new Tax();
            ICart userCart = new ShoppingCartDetails();
            IAddress address = new AddressDetails();
            IOrder order = new Order();
            //Step 1 : Get Tax percentage by State
            double stateTax = tax.GetTaxByState("ABC");
            //Step 2 : Apply Tax on the Cart Items
            tax.ApplyTax(cartID, stateTax);
            //Step 3 : Get user Wallet balance
            double userWalletBalance = wallet.GetUserBalance(userID);
            //Step 4 : Get the cart items price
            double cartPrice = userCart.GetCartPrice(cartID);
            //Step 5 : Compare the balance and price
            if (userWalletBalance > cartPrice)
            {
                //Step 6 : Get user Address and set to cart
                Address userAddress = address.GetAddressDetails(userID);
                //Step 7 : Place the order
                orderID = order.PlaceOrderDetails(cartID, userAddress.AddressID);

            }
            Console.WriteLine("End PlaceOrderDetails");
            return orderID;
        }
    }
}

Step 5 : Use the console program and invoke the Façade methods with Console being the client for us

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using ShoppingFacade;
namespace FacadeDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            IUserOrder userOrder = new UserOrder();
            Console.WriteLine("Facade : Start");
            Console.WriteLine("************************************");           
            int cartID = userOrder.AddToCart(10, 1);           
            int userID = 1234;
            Console.WriteLine("************************************");
            int orderID = userOrder.PlaceOrder(cartID, userID);
            Console.WriteLine("************************************");
            Console.WriteLine("Facade : End CartID = {0}, OrderID = {1}",
                cartID, orderID);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

Step 6 : Ensure to maintain the below structure for the code to work

facade design pattern real time example

Step 7 : Key notes
  • Please note that we are just representing all these methods at high level to show the complexity of the subsystems.
  • We have not implemented these methods in detail except that we are printing the details of the methods invoked in each of these subsystems using console.writeline.  
  • As you all know, Our idea is to just understand the facade implementation and not to focus on the real implementations of these sub systems
  • Notice that  in the output  client invokes the facade methods of add to cart and place order details which  Internally calls many subsystem methods to achieve this functionality
Step 8 : Run the application and notice the below output.

facade design pattern example c#

Design Patterns tutorial for beginners

4 comments:

  1. Nice Explaned. Please upload Dependency Injection and IOC.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Very nice Explanation and request you please provide short and small example which will help us to understand quickly this is also good example.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Dependency Injection and IOC too

    ReplyDelete
  4. This is amazing, but can you please post a UML Structural Class diagram of this example. I think that people would better understant the concept with a visual representation.

    ReplyDelete

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